1 引言
蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為直流系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是(shi)系(xi)統中十分(fen)關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei),必須對(dui)其(qi)進行規范(fan)合(he)理、真實有效的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)維護(hu)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在線(xian)監測(ce)裝(zhuang)置主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直流系(xi)統通信機房和基站、鐵路供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站金(jin)融、化(hua)工、企事業單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)UPS機房等后備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源使用(yong)場合(he)。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)監測(ce)大容量蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量、基本參數等,為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)維護(hu)提供重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)依據、保證蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)可靠運行。
蓄電池在充放電時,對充放電電流大小有嚴格要求,本文詳細介紹了霍爾電流傳感器對(dui)蓄電池(chi)充放電電流監測的實現。
2 工作原理
霍爾電(dian)流傳感器(qi)是根據霍爾效應(ying)(ying)制作(zuo)的一種磁(ci)(ci)場傳感器(qi),具有對磁(ci)(ci)場敏感、結構簡單、體積小、響應(ying)(ying)速(su)度快能特點,按原理可分為(wei)開環(直放式(shi))和閉(bi)環(磁(ci)(ci)平衡式(shi)),基(ji)于(yu)(yu)實際(ji)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)中開環(直放式(shi))原理傳感器(qi)結構相對緊湊(cou)、功耗小且成(cheng)本較低,普(pu)遍(bian)采用(yong)開環(直放式(shi))原理霍爾電(dian)流傳感器(qi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)池在線監測系統。
霍爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)傳感器(qi)開環(huan)(直放式(shi))原理:當(dang)原邊(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IP流(liu)(liu)過一根長導線(xian)時,在(zai)導線(xian)周圍將產(chan)生(sheng)磁場,磁場的大(da)小與(yu)流(liu)(liu)過導線(xian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)成正比(bi),產(chan)生(sheng)的磁場聚集在(zai)磁環(huan)內,通過磁環(huan)氣(qi)隙中霍爾(er)元件進行測量并放大(da)輸(shu)出(chu),其輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓Vs精確的反映原邊(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IP。一般的額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)標定(ding)為5V。
3 選型
3.1 產品介紹
霍爾電流(liu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結合(he)了電流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和分(fen)(fen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)所(suo)有(you)優點,克服了互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和分(fen)(fen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)不足(如:互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)只(zhi)適用(yong)于50Hz工(gong)頻(pin)測量;分(fen)(fen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無法進(jin)行(xing)隔離檢測),同時(shi)(shi)還具(ju)有(you)響應時(shi)(shi)間快(kuai)(≤10us)、絕緣性(xing)強(耐壓(ya)3.5kV)、頻(pin)帶(dai)寬(≤20kHz)、體積小(xiao)易(yi)于安裝等特點。
在傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)行業內,江蘇安科(ke)瑞嚴格按照JB/T 7490-2007《霍(huo)爾(er)電(dian)(dian)流傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)》規(gui)定的各(ge)項要求,相對(dui)于同行采用插針式(shi)接線不同,一律采用綠(lv)色(se)可插拔端子現(xian)場接線方便、可靠。同時針對(dui)不同現(xian)場應用設計出閉口式(shi)外形霍(huo)爾(er)、開(kai)口式(shi)外形霍(huo)爾(er)。一般情況下,可以根據(ju)輸入信號(hao)、外形、內控尺寸來(lai)選擇霍(huo)爾(er)電(dian)(dian)流傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。
閉口式外形 霍爾電流傳感器 | 輸入信號 | 輸出信號 | 內孔(mm) | 精度 | 輔助電源 |
AHKC-E | 50~500A | 5V | 圓孔閉口φ21 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-LT | 200~2000A | 5V | 圓孔閉口φ32 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-BS | 50~500A | 5V | 方孔閉口20.5*10.5 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-F | 200~1500A | 5V | 方孔閉口41*12 | 1級 | ±15V |
開口式外形 霍爾電流傳感器 | 輸入信號 | 輸出信號 | 內孔(mm) | 精度 | 輔助電源 |
AHKC-EKA | 50~500A | 5V | 圓孔開口φ21 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-EKB | 200~2000A | 5V | 圓孔開口φ40 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-K | 400~2000A | 5V | 方孔開口64*16 | 1級 | ±15V |
AHKC-KA | 600~5000A | 5V | 方(fang)孔(kong)開口104*36 | 1級 | ±15V |
3.2 產品外形
常見(jian)霍(huo)爾電流傳感器外形如下圖:
閉口式外形(xing)霍爾(er)電流傳感(gan)器 開口式外形(xing)霍爾(er)電流傳感(gan)器
3.3 技術指(zhi)標
4 應用
常(chang)規(gui)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)方法是分(fen)(fen)流器(標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻)和霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)(er)感應式(shi)技(ji)(ji)術。一般而(er)言(yan),基于分(fen)(fen)流器技(ji)(ji)術的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流測(ce)(ce)試(shi)器的(de)成(cheng)本比霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)(er)式(shi)的(de)低,但(dan)是其(qi)能(neng)耗較高,容易引起發熱及靜態放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象(xiang),難(nan)以滿足某些(xie)苛刻的(de)節能(neng)使用(yong)條件。此外(wai),分(fen)(fen)流器技(ji)(ji)術是把(ba)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)設備(bei)串連在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中,可能(neng)會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)路噪(zao)聲和信息(xi)失真。霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)(er)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)原理是霍(huo)(huo)爾(er)(er)元(yuan)件感應在(zai)導流排或(huo)線束周(zhou)圍的(de)磁場(chang),從(cong)而(er)標定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度,因此在(zai)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)更穩定(ding)、可靠(kao)。
在(zai)某(mou)裝備(bei)的(de)研制過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)保障裝備(bei)效能的(de)正(zheng)常發揮(hui),需要實時掌握其(qi)內部(bu)集(ji)成的(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)工作狀態,主要狀態參數(shu)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。采用AHKC-E霍爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)傳感器對充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行實時檢測(ce)(ce),該傳感器是利用霍爾(er)原(yuan)理的(de)開(kai)環電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)傳感器,原(yuan)邊(bian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)副邊(bian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)之(zhi)間絕緣(yuan),可(ke)用于測(ce)(ce)量直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)脈(mo)沖和(he)(he)混合型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓±15 V,系統中(zhong)(zhong)采用輸(shu)入50A對應(ying)5V輸(shu)出(chu),即原(yuan)邊(bian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)±50 A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)對應(ying)副邊(bian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓±5V。在(zai)實際(ji)工作中(zhong)(zhong),放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時輸(shu)出(chu)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)對應(ying)為(wei)+5V,而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,輸(shu)出(chu)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)-5V。通過(guo)(guo)觀察充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)變化(hua)特性,結合系統所測(ce)(ce)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、單節蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻值等其(qi)他參數(shu)可(ke)判(pan)斷出(chu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)健康(kang)狀態。
5 結束語
霍爾(er)電流傳感器通過監測(ce)蓄電池(chi)(chi)充放電電流狀態解決了蓄電池(chi)(chi)組容量在線監測(ce)和單體(ti)電池(chi)(chi)故障早期診(zhen)斷的難題,為蓄電池(chi)(chi)日常(chang)維護(hu)提供重要的依(yi)據,保(bao)證蓄電池(chi)(chi)組的可(ke)靠(kao)運行(xing),在蓄電池(chi)(chi)在線監測(ce)系統中起(qi)到了必不可(ke)少的作(zuo)用。
參考文獻:
(1)江蘇安科瑞電(dian)器制造有限公司.電(dian)量傳感器選型手冊,201407版
(2)謝文和.傳感器及其應(ying)用[M].北京:高等教育出版(ban)社,2003.
作者簡介:陸曉君,女,本科,安科瑞電氣股份有限公司,主要研究方向為電量傳感器設計,手機:18702111592,座機:021-59104850,QQ:2880157865
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